الشهب جسيمات جوالة في الفضاء ، وعندما تدخل الغلاف الجوي لكوكب الأرض تُحدث ظاهرة كونية تشبه الألعاب النارية ، التي تُطلق في الجو أثناء الاحتفالات بالأعياد والمناسبات المختلفة ، وذلك بسبب احتكاكها بالجزيئات الموجودة في الغلاف الجوي.
بعد أن تصل هذه الجسيمات إلى حدود سيطرة جاذبية الأرض. تحترق الشهب في الغلاف الجوي للأرض على شكل أذناب من الشرر الملتهب على ارتفاعات عالية ، ويُصاحب ذلك ضجة صوتية وضوئية.
الشهب عبارة عن قطع معدنية أو صخرية ضئيلة الوزن ، والشهب المعدنية بها حديد ونحاس وقصدير وفسفور وغير ذلك ، وتحتشد الشهب في تجمعات هائلة في نفس اتجاه الأرض ، لذلك فهي تُشاهد دائماً في أفلاك تدور حول الشمس وتتقاطع مع الأرض ، حتى إذا ما وصل بعضها إلى نقطة التقاطع تلك. شدته الأرض إليها لتدخل في قبضة جاذبيتها ، فمن أين تأتي الشهب ؟!
تتمثل مصادر الشهب في نسيج ذيول المذنبات أو في الكويكبات خاصة عندما تتصادم مع بعضها البعض.
وأحياناً تتكون أسراب كبيرة من الشهب ، وتبدو في الغلاف الجوي للأرض وكأنها أمطار نارية ، ولهذا فإنه يُطلق عليها ( زخات الشهب ) ، ويقدر عددها بالملايين.
أما إذا كانت قوية جداً وبلغ عددها آلاف الملايين ، فإنه يُطلق عليها حينئذ ( عواصف الشهب ) ، وتحدث ظاهرة زخات وعواصف الشهب عندما يتقاطع مدار الأرض مع مدار أحد المذنبات.
إن غلافنا الجوي هو الحارس الأمين الذي يحمي البشر من الأجسام الفضائية ، ولكن يحدث أحياناً أن تكون تلك الأجسام قوية وتستطيع مقاومة جحيم الاحتكاك ، فتتمكن من اختراق الغلاف الجوي ، وتضرب سطح كوكب الأرض ، وفي هذه الحالة يُطلق عليها ( نيازك ).
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