نُشر في بواسطة Abdulrahman Sumait

الزهرة .. توأم الأرض ( سلسلة المجموعة الشمسية – الموضوع رقم 4 )

ماذا سيُشاهد رواد الفضاء ، عندما تطأ أقدامهم سطح كوكب الزهرة ، لاشك أنهم سيجدون سطح الكوكب وقد ألهبته الحرارة والرياح المحرقة ، وتظهر الشمس في السماء الغربية بوهج من خلال سحب وطبقات كثيفة من الرمال والغبار وثاني أكسيد الكربون وغازات أخرى ، توجد على ارتفاع نحو ستين كيلومتراً عن سطح الكوكب ، هذا بالإضافة إلى ضغط مروِّع يزيد على تسعين مرة مقارنة بالضغط الجوي لكوكب الأرض.

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو unnamedsss.png

يرجع السبب في قلة المعلومات عن هذا الكوكب إلى أن علماء الفلك لم يتمكنوا من رؤية سطحه بوضوح ، فكوكب الزهرة يدور في مداره مندثراً برداء كثيف من السحب ، ولهذا لم يتمكن الفلكيون سابقاً من التعرف على ما تحتهُ.

وتمكنت المركبة الفضائية ( ماجلان ) في عام 1990 بواسطة الرادار وليس بالرصد المباشر من رسم خريطة كاملة لسطح كوكب الزهرة ، حيث استطاع الرادار اختراق القناع الكثيف للسحب التي تغطي الكوكب ، واتضح أن على سطحه أودية عميقة وبراكين خامدة يبلغ ارتفاع بعضها نحو ثمانية كيلومترات ، وفوهات ناتجة عن اصطدامات النيازك بالكوكب يصل قطرها إلى حوالي 37 كيلومتراً !

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو unnamedsss.png

أما المعلومات المتوفرة عن كوكب الزهرة ، فهو يبعد عن الشمس بحوالي 108,2 مليون كيلومتر ، ويبلغ قطره نحو 12104 كيلومترات ، أي أقل من قطر كوكب الأرض بحوالي 650 كيلومتراً فقط ، ولهذا يطلق على كوكب الزهرة ( توأم الأرض ).

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو unnamedsss.png

الغريب أن كوكب الزهرة يدور حول محوره ببطء شديد ، حتى أن ( يوم ) الكوكب يبلغ حوالي 243 من أيام الأرض ، بينما أن ( السنة ) تبلغ نحو 225 من أيام الأرض ، أي أن اليوم فوق كوكب الزهرة ، يزيد عن السنة! ودرجة الحرارة فوق سطح كوكب الزهرة هي الأعلى بين كل كواكب المجموعة الشمسية ، إذ تبلغ في المتوسط 480 درجة مئوية ، ومركز هذا الكوكب شبه صلب ، ومكون من الحديد والنيكل ، ويحيط به غلاف صخري.

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو unnamedsss.png
تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو unnamedsss.png
تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو unnamedsss.png

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