جانيميد … ملك الأقمار ( سلسلة المجموعة الشمسية – الموضوع رقم 11 )

يُعد ( جانيميد ) أكبر أقمار المشتري ، إذ يبلغ قطره حوالي 5260 كيلومتراً ( أي أكبر من كوكبي عطارد وبلوتو ) ، كما أن هذا القمر أضخم أقمار المجموعة الشمسية ، أي ( ملك الأقمار ). ويمثل مركز القمر (جانيميد) نحو نصف حجمه ، وهو عبارة عن حديد (وهو مصدر المجال المغناطيسي للقمر ) وصخور وثلوج.

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو unnamedsss.png

الغريب أن هذه الثلوج عبارة عن طبقة كثيفة من الماء المتجمد! وكان من المعروف في الماضي أنه ليس لهذا القمر أي غلاف جوي ، ولكن تلسكوب الفضاء ( هابل ) اكتشف وجود طبقة رقيقة من غاز ( الأوزون ) فوق سطحه ، وربما توجد أيضاً طبقة رقيقة من الأكسجين ، ويمتلئ به سطح القمر ( جانيميد ).

عموماً لأن السطح ينقسم إلى منطقة كبيرة مظلمة ، تكثر بها الفوهات الناتجة غالباً عن ارتطامات النيازك والكويكبات ، ومنطقة أصغر مضيئة بها الأخاديد العميقة والتصدعات والشقوق ، كما توجد ( شلالات ) من الخطوط المتوازية المضيئة تصب في سهول معتمة فاحمه السواد.

وأعجب ما في الفوهات فوق القمر ( جانيميد ) ، هو وجود خطوط هائلة تنبعث منها ، وتبدو مثل الأشعة التي تنطلق من الأجسام المضيئة ، وطول كل شعاع يزيد عن كيلومترين ،

و يعتقد العلماء أن وجود هذه الأشعة يدل على أن القمر (جانيميد) تعرض منذ ملايين السنيين إلى زلازل ، أدت إلى حدوث تشوهات في تضاريس سطحه.

ويبعد ( جانيميد ) عن كوكب المشتري بنحو مليون وسبعين ألف كيلومتر ، وتبلغ مدة دورته حول المشتري حوالي سبعة أيام أرضية ، ومن ثم فإن ( اليوم ) فوق هذا القمر يكون سبع أيام أرضية ،

وهو يستقبل نحو 1\30 من أشعة الشمس التي تصل إلى كوكب الأرض ، ومن ثم فإن متوسط درجة حرارته تبلغ حوالي 120 درجة مئوية تحت الصفر.

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