

التلفزيون

في عام 1875 قاد اكتشاف التلفزيون أحد المخترعين في الولايات المتحدة والمدعو ( ج.ر.كاري ) لصنع أول نظام تلفيزيوني بدائي خشن ، مستخدما ً الخلايا الكهربائية الضوئية ،
إذ حالما كان يسلط الضوء على مشهد أو أي جسم من خلال عدسة إلى عدد من الخلايا الكهربائية الضوئية ، فإن كل خلية كانت تسيطر على كمية من الكهرباء تستطيع تمريرها إلى مصباح ضوئي.
عندما تظهر معالم تقريبية لذلك الجسم الذي عرض في الخلايا الكهربائية الضوئية وذلك في الأضواء المسلطة على مجموعة من المصابيح ، وكانت الخطوة التالية اختراع قرص الفحص في عام 1884 على يد بول نيبكو Nipkow
وكان هذا عبارة عن قرص ذي ثقوب يدور أمام الخلايا الكهربائية الضوئية وقرص آخر يدور أمام الشخص المراقب ولكن المبدأ كان نفس مبدأ ( كاري ).
وفي عام 1923 حدث أول بث للصور بواسطة الأسلاك وقد تم هذا على يد شخص يدعى ( بيرد ) في إنكلترا وشخص يدعى جنكنز في الولايات المتحدة ، وبعدها حدثت عدة تحسينات في كاميرات التلفاز
فقد اخترع فلاديمير ، ( زوريكين ) و ( فيبيو فارنسورث ) كلاهما نوعا ً من الكاميرا يدعى Inconoscpe ونوعا ً آخر يدعى ( مشرح الصورة ).
وفي عام 1945 استبدلت كلتا هاتين الكاميرتين بجهاز يسمى مصحح أو مقوم الصورة.
وفي هذه الأيام تستعمل أجهزة التلفاز الحديثة أنبوبا ً للصور يدعى أنبوب الأشعة السالبة Cathode وفي هذا الأنبوب هناك نوع من البندقية الكهربائية التي تقسم الشاشة بنفس الطريقة التي يسلكها الشعاع الضوئي في أنبوب الكاميرا ليساعدنا في رؤية الضوء.

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