نُشر في بواسطة Abdulrahman Sumait

موسوعة الاختراعات ( 341 ) عدسة تقلل الانحراف الكروي

عدسة تقلل الانحراف الكروي

كريستيان هوغنس قسطنطين هوغنس

( بالانجليزية : Christiaan Huygens )

رياضي وفيزيائي هولندي

الميلاد : 14 أبريل 1629 اللاهاي – جمهورية هولندا

الوفاة : 8 يوليو 1695 ( 66 سنة ) اللاهاي – جمهورية هولندا

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو Screenshot_2020-04-08-thumb2-water-drops-texture-4k-black-background-water-drops-water-backgrounds-jpg-صورة-JPEG،-710×444-....png

تلقى هوغنس تعليمه في ليدن وبريدا ثم اتجه إلى البحث العلمي ، ونجح في ذلك بشكل واضح فاختير زميلاً في الجمعية الملكية.

درس هوغنس خصائص الرقاص ” البندول ” المركب وكان أول من استعمله كمنظم في ساعات الحائط كما استخدمه في تحديد عجلة الجاذبية الأرضية.

كان هوغنس أول من اثبت أن الحلقة التي تحيط بكوكب زحل مكتملة الإحاطة ، وقاس ميل مستوى زحل بالنسبة للمستوى الخسوفي.

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو Screenshot_2020-04-08-thumb2-water-drops-texture-4k-black-background-water-drops-water-backgrounds-jpg-صورة-JPEG،-710×444-....png

وكان أول من رسم المريخ وأول من وصف سديم كوكبه الجبار ( الجوزاء Orion )

واكتشف تابعا ً لزحل يسمى ” ايابيتوس ” Iapetus   ، وذكر أنه يشبه قمر الأرض من حيث إظهاره لوجه واحد فقط تجاه كوكبه الأم.

اخترع وصمم هوغنس عدسة تقلل من أثر الانحراف الكروي ،

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو Screenshot_2020-04-08-thumb2-water-drops-texture-4k-black-background-water-drops-water-backgrounds-jpg-صورة-JPEG،-710×444-....png

كما وضع سنة 1678 النظرية الموجبة للضوء ، ولكنها لم تلق تأييدا ً واسعا ً لعجزها عن تفسير الاستقطاب الضوئي رغم أنها فسرت الانكسار المزدوج بشكل مقبول.

وكانت هذه النظرية معارضة لنظرية نيوتن Newton من 1642 إلى 1727 المعروفة ” بنظرية الجسيمات ” corpuscular theory ،

وبقي الخلاف قائما ً بين مؤيدي هاتين النظريتين حتى اتحدتا فيما يسمى بالميكانيكا الموجية , Wave – mechanics

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو Screenshot_2020-04-08-thumb2-water-drops-texture-4k-black-background-water-drops-water-backgrounds-jpg-صورة-JPEG،-710×444-....png

وأدخل هوغنس استعمال نوع جديد من مضخات الهواء المزودة بلوحة ووعاء شبه مخروطي.

كتب هوغنس عددا ً من المؤلفات التي دارت أعماله حولها ومنها عن انجازاته في :

نظام كوكب زحل Systema Saturnium ظهر سنة 1659 ،

ورقاص ساعة الحائط ظهر سنة 1673.

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو Screenshot_2020-04-08-thumb2-water-drops-texture-4k-black-background-water-drops-water-backgrounds-jpg-صورة-JPEG،-710×444-....png

المراجع :

تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو Screenshot_2020-04-08-thumb2-water-drops-texture-4k-black-background-water-drops-water-backgrounds-jpg-صورة-JPEG،-710×444-....png
تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو Inventions1E.png
تحتوي هذه الصورة على سمة alt فارغة; اسم الملف هو Screenshot_2020-04-08-thumb2-water-drops-texture-4k-black-background-water-drops-water-backgrounds-jpg-صورة-JPEG،-710×444-....png

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